Tundra and Alpine Ecosystem of Pakistan – Climatic Biome

unique wildlife exits in tundra and alpine biome

INTRODUCTION Tundra and Alpine: This biome includes extremely cold regions (usually covered in snow) that are present around the world without long woody trees due to high elevation. Tundra and Alpine Ecosystem: This ecosystem is usually found in the northern hemisphere. The biome receives scant rainfall. As the altitude increases the forest cover decreases. Characteristics […]

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South Asia Water War – Impact of Indian Hegemonic Aim on Pakistan

indus water treaty water war between india and Pakistan

INTRODUCTION Pakistan has numerous natural resources, water reserves are also among these natural resources. However, the climate changes, increasing water pollution, industrialization, and transboundary pollution, etc all are putting stress on natural water reserves in Pakistan. The country doesn’t have enough water storage capacity to meet the demand for water consumption of 30 days. For […]

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Rawalpindi: Chlorine Resistant Bacteria in Water Filter Plants

water from filtration plants were contaminated with E. coli.

Recent research has reported the presence of chlorine-resistant bacteria in water filter plants based in Rawalpindi. The methodology of the study includes the collection and microbiological analysis of 107 water samples for evaluating the anticipated results. Waterborne diseases are proven fatal and directly transmitted to humans through drinking water consumption. It is recommended that drinking […]

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15 New Technologies and Innovations for improving our Environment

solar power, biomass energy, bio-plastic are eco-friendly technologies

The ecosystem of the Earth is subjected to environmental degradation since the revolution of industries. The human population is increasing at an alarming rate and stressing the natural reserves. Urban sprawl and industrialization in order to meet the demand of increasing population are contributing to climate change. Our world is facing many environmental problems. Climate […]

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Mangroves and their Destruction – Causes, Effects, and Conservation Techniques

INTRODUCTION Mangroves: Mangroves are dense forests consisting of small trees, shrubs that preferably grow nearby coastal areas specifically in brackish water or saline water. Tropical coastal vegetation is often regarded as mangroves due to similar species of plants. Mangrove forests are usually found in tropical and subtropical regions. MANGROVE BIODIVERSITY Mangrove forests support a variety […]

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Environmental Laws/Legislation in Pakistan and The Need for New Ones

Pakistan needs new environmental laws/legislation

INTRODUCTION Environmental Law: Environmental law is a vast field that encompasses regulations, directives, policies, principles, and laws that are specifically designed and implemented by international, national, and local authoritative entities. The term is defined as laws that are formulated by humans in order to protect and regulate the environment from environmental degradation caused by human […]

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GIS and Remote Sensing in Environmental Science – Applications and Advantages

GIS and Remote sensing application in Earth sciences

INTRODUCTION GIS: It stands for Geographic Information System. It is defined as a framework that works on the principles of data collection, management, and evaluation. It is a vast field of science related to geography that combines complex data structures. It evaluates the spatial position and assembles layers of informative data into images. For example, […]

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