Introduction: Phytoplankton is a combination of two Greek words Phyto means plant and Plankton mean to make a drift. They are found in both salt water and fresh water. These are microscopic plant-like organisms and also make their food by capturing sunlight and converting it into energy. Some of them get more energy by consuming […]
Commodified Dead of South Punjab – Foreign Aid Amid Floods
South Punjab, the most deprived region since independence is once again under catastrophic circumstances. Prior, it was neglected in domains of budget distributions, human developments and infrastructures but now the inhabitants of this region are facing monopolisation, exploitation and irrelevancy even after their deaths. The more the dead count is, the more it generates the […]
Non-Recyclable Multi-Layer Plastic MLP Uses and Alternatives
INTRODUCTION: Multi layered plastics are the plastics that contains at the minimum one layer of plastic as main ingredient along with the one or more layers of other materials like paper, aluminium, copper etc. It has several thin sheets or layers that laminated together and are difficult to separate. For detailed information on plastic pollution, […]
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods in Pakistan- Causes and Effects
Introduction Glaciers in Pakistan’s northern mountain ranges (the Hindu Kush, Himalayas, and the Karakorum) are melting quickly due to rising temperatures, and a total of 3,044 glacial lakes have formed in Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Of them, 33 glacial lakes have been identified as being vulnerable to dangerous glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF). […]
How To Prevent Hazardous Monsoon Season Flooding in Pakistan
Introduction: The monsoon season continues to cause problems in various regions in Pakistan, generating floods, flash floods, and other severe weather-related catastrophes, as well as increasing humanitarian needs. According to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), up to 147 fatalities have been recorded throughout the country as of 11 July,2022. More than 1000 dwellings have […]
Karachi Monsoon Urban Flash Flooding – Causes and Impacts
Introduction: A flash flood is induced by a large amount of rain in a short period, usually less than 6 hours. Flash floods are typically defined by violent torrents that burst over river beds, metropolitan streets, or mountain valleys, sweeping everything in their path. Flash floods in urban areas are also known as urban flooding. […]
Glacier Melting and Glacial Retreat – Causes, Effects, Solutions
INTRODUCTION Glaciers are massive quantities of ice that move downward slowly. Wherever snow accumulates faster than it melts, a glacier forms. When melting outweighs accumulation, it retreats—that is, its terminal edge, the end of the glacier tongue, terminates at progressively higher heights. Since around 1850, the majority of the world’s mountain (alpine) glaciers have been […]
Landslides and Rockfall – Causes, Effects, and Prevention
INTRODUCTION When a section of the natural slope cannot hold its own weight a landslide is formed. Soil material on a slope with a slick surface beneath, for example, might get heavy with precipitation and slide down due to its increased weight. It is the movement caused by gravity due to which rock, plants, or […]
Impacts Of Changing Monsoon Season Rains Pattern In Pakistan
Introduction: Seasonal change in the direction of usual, strongest winds of a region is termed as monsoon. Throughout most of the tropics, it causes a dry or wet season. It is mostly associated with the Indian Ocean. Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) reported about monsoon rainfall distribution that climate change has resulted in a 100-kilometer spatial […]
Heatwaves in Pakistan And India – Causes, Effects, Solutions
WHAT ARE HEATWAVES AND WHY ARE THEY BECOMING MORE FREQUENT IN PAKISTAN AND INDIA? A heat wave is a two-day or longer stretch of exceptionally hot weather. Temperatures must be above the historical norm for a certain location to be termed a heat wave. A heat wave is a result of high-pressure arrival in a […]