Tundra and Alpine Ecosystem of Pakistan – Climatic Biome

unique wildlife exits in tundra and alpine biome

INTRODUCTION Tundra and Alpine: This biome includes extremely cold regions (usually covered in snow) that are present around the world without long woody trees due to high elevation. Tundra and Alpine Ecosystem: This ecosystem is usually found in the northern hemisphere. The biome receives scant rainfall. As the altitude increases the forest cover decreases. Characteristics […]

Continue Reading

Tropical Thorn Forest Ecosystem of Pakistan – Climatic Biome

xerophytic species dominate the forest land

INTRODUCTION Tropical Thorn Forest: This forest primarily consists of plant species that are open, low and xerophytic. The vegetation of tropical thorn forests doesn’t include grasses. Tropical Thorn Forest Ecosystem: This forest ecosystem is predominated by thorny leguminous plant species. The arid regions receive less rainfall and this ecosystem can survive in water-scarce regions. Characteristics […]

Continue Reading

Coniferous (Taiga or Boreal) Forest of Pakistan – Climatic Biome

higher altitudes support boreal forest

INTRODUCTION Coniferous (Taiga or Boreal) Forest: It is defined as evergreen scale-leaved, cone-bearing, needle-leaved trees. It is present in locations where winters are longer. It receives precipitation in the form of snow. Coniferous (Taiga or Boreal) Forest Biome: Boreal biome usually consists of coniferous forests that include spruce, pine, and larches. Characteristics of Coniferous (Taiga […]

Continue Reading

Freshwater Ecosystem of Pakistan – Climatic Biome

freshwater biome is important for human survival.

INTRODUCTION Freshwater Biome: It is defined as freshwater regions having water bodies with minimum salt concentration. It is different from the marine biome as freshwater is free of salt. The presence of salt concentration pollutes the freshwater biome. Read: Pakistani Local Fishes and their Health Benefits Characteristics of Freshwater Biome: It is characterized by two […]

Continue Reading

Temperate Deciduous / Mixed forests of Pakistan – Climatic Biome

watershed to Tarbela and Mangla lakes

INTRODUCTION Temperate Deciduous / Mixed Forest: It is a biome that consists of deciduous tree species. These are broad-leaf forests with trees that drop their leaves in the autumn. Mixed Forest: It is a vegetation transition between dominant tree species of broad-leaved deciduous forest and coniferous forest. Temperate Deciduous and Mixed Forest Biome: It is […]

Continue Reading

Antibiotics Found In Wastewater in Twin Cities

antibiotic resistant bacteria

Recent Research Publication has reported about the presence of antibiotics in wastewater in the Twin Cities of Pakistan. Five different antibiotics were detected, determined, and analyzed from wastewater samples collected from various sources. The methodology of the study included the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography technique for result evaluation. The contaminated wastewater with various concentrations of antibiotics […]

Continue Reading

Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Toxic Chemicals

bioaccumulation of heavy metals/ toxins, in marine organisms

INTRODUCTION Bioaccumulation: It is defined as the progressive accumulation of substances especially pesticides or contaminants/toxins in the organisms. Biomagnification: It is also known as bioamplification. It is defined as a successively high concentration ratio of toxins/contaminants particularly pesticides in the tissues of the sensitive organisms in a food chain. Also read: What Is Environmental Toxicology […]

Continue Reading