INTRODUCTION
Ecosystems distinctly describe the habitat conditions, climate, geography, and many other aspects of a particular area. There is a diverse variety of animal and plant species present around the world. Some countries have unique ecosystems that host particularly endemic diversity of organisms. Also, wildlife inhabits the unique ecosystem of the Earth. The place that has wildlife and a unique ecosystem definitely turn out to be a tourist destination. Here we have collected 12 most beautiful places with unique ecosystems in the world.
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1. AMAZON RAINFOREST – NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA
Location: Manaus – Amazonas – Brazil, Belém – Pará – Brazil, Iquitos – Maynas – Peru, Puerto Maldonado – Tambopata – Peru.
Unique Features: The rainforest ecosystem is characterized as the oldest living system on the Earth. This place has evergreen tall trees, the same climate throughout the year, and receives heavy precipitation.
Fauna: Scorpion, Anaconda, Squirrel Monkey, Jaguar, etc.
Flora: Banana Trees, Orchids, Rubber Tree, Kapok Tree, etc
2. GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS
Location: Puerto Baquerizo Moreno – Galápagos – Ecuador
Unique Features: The Galápagos Islands are present in the Pacific Ocean and have three characteristics ecosystem including marine, coastal and terrestrial. The area covers both sides of the equator and receives heavy precipitation.
Fauna: Sally Lightfoot crabs, Frigatebirds, Marine iguanas, Galápagos land iguana, etc.
Flora: Brachycereus, Candelabra Cactus, Prickly Pear Cactus, Gossypium darwinii, etc.
3. SOCOTRA – YEMEN
Location: Hadiboh – Socotra – Yemen
Unique Features: Socotra is a prime example of a unique ecosystem because it has extremely unique biodiversity. The plants and animals species found here are mostly endemic.
Fauna: Aloe perryi, Moraceae, Socotran pomegranate, Dorstenia gigas, etc.
Flora: Bats, Socotran chameleon, Brush-footed butterfly, Chamaeleo monachus, etc.
4. Antarctica
Location: Continent – North or South Pole
Unique Features: It is widely known as a polar desert. Antarctica is a continent that has a unique ecosystem. There are fewer plants because of extremely harsh climatic conditions.
Fauna: Whales Seals, Leopard Seal, Penguins, Hourglass dolphins, Flying Sea birds, etc.
Flora: Antarctic pearlwort, Antarctic hair grass
5. KATPANA DESERT – PAKISTAN
Location: Skardu – Gilgit Baltistan – Pakistan
Unique Features: Katpana desert is a cold desert that is located at highest altitudes in the country. It is also known as Biama Napko. It has a unique ecosystem that provides habitats to a variety of plant and animal species.
Fauna: Jerboa, Moles, Rodents, etc.
Flora: Bunch Grass, Rosaceae, Acacia, etc.
6. OKAVANGO DELTA – BOTSWANA
Location: North-Western – Botswana
Unique Features: It is a swampy area that provides habitat to wildlife. The ecosystem of this delta is characterized as wetlands. It is also listed among the largest inland deltas in the World. Fish species is dependent on seasonal flooding.
Fauna: Red Lechwe, Slaty egret, African skimmer, Sitatunga, etc.
Flora: Acacia, Hyphaene petersiana, ferns, etc.
7. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
Location: Park County and Teton County – Wyoming – United States of America
Unique Features: This unique ecosystem is surrounded by mountains and there is a snow cover for many months in a year. It is said that this is the last intact ecosystem on Earth. Some species of animals are only found here.
Fauna: Mule Deer, Moose, Elk, Pronghorn, Bison, etc.
Flora: Lodgepole pine, Alpine, Sagebrush steppe, etc.
8. SAHARA DESERT – AFRICA
Location: Tunisia, Western Sudan, Niger, Morocco, Mauritania, Mali, Libya, Egypt, Chad, Algeria – Northern Africa
Unique Features: The ecosystem of the Sahara desert is characterized as hyper-arid. The desert receives less precipitation. Dry valleys and sand dunes are prevalent ecoregions of the Sahara Desert.
Fauna: Dromedary, Addax, Oryx, Jerboa, Etc.
Flora: Cypress, Olives, Mastic, Etc.
9. GREAT BARRIER REEF – AUSTRALIA
Location: Queensland mainland – Australia
Unique Features: This ecosystem has the largest coral reef system in the World. There are nearly 900 islands covering an area of 2300 kilometers. A unique kind of ecological diversity is present there.
Fauna: Whales, Sea Turtles, Starfish, Manta Ray, etc.
Flora: Seagrass, Algae, Mangroves, etc.
10. MADAGASCAR
Location: East Africa
Unique Features: Madagascar is a separate world where extensive wildlife is present along with a variety of ecoregions. It includes rivers, wetlands, mangroves, forests, drylands, etc. Many species are endemic here.
Fauna: Lemurs, Gecko, Frogs, Fossa, etc.
Flora: Octopus trees, Tahina palm, Madagascar periwinkle, Za Baobab, etc.
11. SALAR DE UYUNI
Location: Daniel Campos – Potosí Department – Bolivia
Unique Features: This place is known to have a unique ecosystem and less wildlife due to its largest salt flat. In previous times there was a lake that dried and now the landscape has a desert-like look.
Fauna: Pink Flamingoes, Viscachas, Andean Foxes, etc.
Flora: Cacti, Quinoa, Pilaya, etc.
Location: Indus Delta – Sindh, Gawadar Bay, Milani Hor and Kalmat hor – Balochistan – Pakistan
Unique Features: Mangroves of Pakistan are home to a diverse variety of plant and animal species including marine organisms. Mangroves are extremely important for the country due to the variety of fish species.
Fauna: Flamingoes, Pelicans, Camels, Jackals, Dolphis, etc.
Flora: Grey Mangrove – White Mangrove – Avicennia marina
Black Mangrove – Aegiceras corniculatum
Spurred Mangrove – Ceriops tagal –
Loot Roop Mangrove – Red Mangrove – Rhizophora mucronata
Image Source: Ayazan57, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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– MS Environmental Science
– Content Writer
Researcher, Nature Lover, and Environmentalist
